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Tagalog 〔According to the ''OED'' and (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary )〕 () is an Austronesian language spoken as a first language by a quarter of the population of the Philippines and as a second language by the majority.〔Philippine Census, 2000. Table 11. Household Population by Ethnicity, Sex and Region: 2000〕 Its standardized form, officially named ''Filipino'', is the national language 〔Gonzales, A. (1998). Language planning situation in the Philippines. ''Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 19''(5), 487-525.〕 and one of two official languages of the Philippines, the other being English. It is related to other Philippine languages, such as the Bikol languages, Ilokano, the Visayan languages, and Kapampangan, and more distantly to other Austronesian languages, such as the Formosan languages, Indonesian, Hawaiian, and Malagasy.〔Lewis, M.P., Simons, G.F., & Fennig, C.D. (2014). Tagalog. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Retrieved from http://www.ethnologue.com/language/tgl〕 ==History== (詳細はendonym ''taga-ilog'' ("river dweller"), composed of ''tagá-'' ("native of" or "from") and ''ílog'' ("river"). Very little is known about the ancient history of the language; linguists such as Dr. David Zorc and Dr. Robert Blust speculate that the Tagalogs and other Central Philippine ethno-linguistic groups originated in Northeastern Mindanao or the Eastern Visayas.〔Zorc, David. 1977. "The Bisayan Dialects of the Philippines: Subgrouping and Reconstruction". ''Pacific Linguistics'' C.44. Canberra: The Australian National University〕〔Blust, Robert. 1991. "The Greater Central Philippines hypothesis". ''Oceanic Linguistics'' 30:73–129〕 The first written record of Tagalog is the Laguna Copperplate Inscription, which dates to 900 CE and exhibits fragments of the language along with Sanskrit, Malay, Javanese, and Old Tagalog. The first known complete book to be written in Tagalog is the ''Doctrina Christiana'' (Christian Doctrine), printed in 1593. The ''Doctrina'' was written in Spanish and two transcriptions of Tagalog; one in the ancient, then-current Baybayin script and the other in an early Spanish attempt at a Latin orthography for the language. Throughout the 333 years of Spanish occupation, grammars and dictionaries were written by Spanish clergymen, including ''Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala'' by Pedro de San Buenaventura (Pila, Laguna, 1613), the Czech Paul Klein Vocabulario de la lengua tagala (beginning of the 18th century), ''Vocabulario de la lengua tagala'' (1835), and ''Arte de la lengua tagala y manual tagalog para la administración de los Santos Sacramentos'' (1850) in addition to early studies〔http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/arch_0044-8613_1992_num_44_1_2861〕 of the language; however, the indigenous poet Francisco Baltazar (1788–1862) is regarded as the foremost Tagalog writer, his most notable work being the early 19th-century epic ''Florante at Laura''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tagalog language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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